Thursday, April 28, 2011

Ask Ars: what's the relationship between CPU clockspeed and performance?

In 1998, Ask Ars was an early feature of the newly launched Ars Technica. Now, as then, it's all about your questions and our community's answers. Each week, we'll dig into our question bag, provide our own take, then tap the wisdom of our readers. To submit your own question, see our helpful tips page.

Question: Intel's Sandy Bridge launch just brought its desktop CPU line up to 3.8GHz, but I remember that the Pentium 4 got up to 3.8GHz before being cancelled. So why is it that Sandy Bridge is just now getting to the clock speed levels that the Pentium 4 was at years ago? And how is it that Sandy Bridge still manages to outperform the older Pentium 4, even though it has a lower clock speed?

The relationship between clockspeed and performance isn't nearly as straightforward as it used to seem—not that it ever was all that simple.  To understand why different CPUs at different clockspeeds perform in different ways, we'll first look at how the CPU processes instructions. 

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